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Visualization and quantification of lattice strain in battery cathode particles through electron backscatter

Weina Wang¹, Zhiyuan Li¹, Jing Wang²

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Device Research Center (SEED), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Nature Communications

|January 6, 2026

Summary

Lattice strain in battery cathodes significantly impacts performance. This study quantifies strain evolution, revealing it hinders ion diffusion and capacity, especially during cycling.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Solid-state Physics

Background:

Lattice strain is a critical factor influencing the electrochemical performance and durability of battery electrode materials.
Understanding strain evolution is crucial for developing advanced energy storage solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and apply an electron-backscatter-diffraction (EBSD)-based imaging method for quantifying lattice strain in layered oxide cathodes.
To investigate the spatial heterogeneity and evolution of lattice strain during electrochemical cycling.

Main Methods:

Utilized EBSD to obtain crystal misorientation data from thousands of positive electrode particles.
Analyzed numerical distributions of misorientation data to quantify lattice strain.
Employed 3D pole-figure analysis to identify lattice distortion modes.

Main Results:

Revealed significant lattice strain heterogeneities within individual grains and across different particles.
Observed strain self-healing during relithiation and intensification with delithiation and cycling.
Identified layer bending and layer twisting as primary distortion modes, with unrecoverable layer bending limiting capacity.

Conclusions:

Lattice strain heterogeneity significantly impacts battery cathode performance and durability.
Strain evolution, particularly unrecoverable layer bending, is a key factor in capacity loss.
The developed EBSD method provides a powerful tool for characterizing strain in battery materials.