[Research status of subretinal fibrosis in age-related macular degeneration]

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in individuals aged 65 years and older. In the advanced stage of the disease, subretinal fibrotic scars develop, leading to irreversible vision impairment. The formation of subretinal scars is driven by interactions among various cellular and molecular components, involving multiple pathological processes including immune responses and inflammatory reactions; however, the exact underlying mechanism remains elusive. This review summarizes the current animal models and experimental studies employed to investigate its mechanism and explore novel therapeutic targets.