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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Targeted RNA Sequencing Assay to Characterize Gene Expression and Genomic Alterations

Targeted RNA Sequencing Assay to Characterize Gene Expression and Genomic Alterations

Published on: August 4, 2016

The actionable transcriptome: a framework for incorporating RNA sequencing into precision oncology.

Amber Johnson¹, Yifei Shen², Xiaofeng Zheng²

¹Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

Nature Reviews. Clinical Oncology

|January 6, 2026

Summary

Comprehensive RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) offers a cost-effective method for detecting actionable biomarkers in cancer. This approach enhances precision oncology by analyzing RNA levels, gene fusions, and variants for personalized treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Genomics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Multiplexed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is becoming standard in molecular tumor profiling.
RNA-seq assays are robust, cost-effective, and suitable for clinical workflows.

Purpose of the Study:

Propose a framework for integrating RNA-seq data into precision oncology.
Identify actionable transcriptome targets for cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

Analyzing RNA levels of oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and therapeutic targets.
Detecting gene fusions, splice variants, and RNA-based mutations.
Evaluating oncoviral gene expression and associated biological features.

Main Results:

RNA profiling identifies actionable alterations beyond DNA sequencing.
Overexpression/underexpression of specific genes predicts therapeutic response.
RNA levels correlate with homologous recombination deficiency and DNA mismatch repair defects.

Conclusions:

Comprehensive RNA profiling enhances personalized cancer care.
RNA-seq overcomes limitations of conventional low-plex assays.
RNA-seq data expands therapeutic opportunities in oncology.