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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Development
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Numerical estimation is a crucial early math skill linked to long-term achievement.
  • Children develop a gender stereotype associating men with better math abilities around age 6.
  • The influence of social beliefs, specifically gender stereotypes, on children's reception of numerical information is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether gender stereotypes affect how children process numerical information from different informants.
  • To examine the impact of informant gender on children's numerical estimation performance.

Main Methods:

  • A numerical estimation task was administered to 5- to 7-year-old children (N=198).
  • Children were presented with competing answers from male and female informants before providing their own estimate.
  • A memory control task was used to ensure domain-specificity of the observed effects.

Main Results:

  • Children's estimates were significantly biased by the male informant compared to the female informant, irrespective of accuracy.
  • This bias was specific to numerical estimation and not observed in the memory control task.
  • Repeated exposure to inaccurate information from a male informant altered children's estimations, demonstrating lasting effects.

Conclusions:

  • Gender stereotypes can profoundly influence how children acquire and process numerical information.
  • Male informants' numerical information has a stronger calibration effect on children's estimation than female informants'.
  • Exposure to male informants' overestimations can lead to persistent changes in children's estimation abilities.