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Orienting bias towards electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) cues
Sojung Youn1, Brian A Anderson1
1Psychological & Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 230 Psychology Bldg, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX, United States 77843.
Young adult electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) users show a brief orienting bias towards ENDS cues. This suggests ENDS use impacts early attentional processes, similar to other addictive substances.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Neuroscience
- Public Health
Background:
- Abnormal attentional biases for tobacco cues are documented.
- Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) use is increasing.
- Previous research shows later-stage attentional biases in ENDS users, but orienting bias is less clear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate orienting bias among young adult ENDS users and nonusers.
- To examine the effect of ENDS use on early attentional bias stages.
Main Methods:
- A modified dot-probe task was employed.
- 224 young adults were divided into ENDS users (n=110) and control (n=114) groups.
- Participants responded to a rotated target letter following image (ENDS-related and neutral) offset.
Main Results:
- ENDS users demonstrated a significantly larger ENDS-related orienting bias than controls.
- A habituation effect was noted, with bias restricted to early trials.
- Internal reliability of the attentional bias measure was low.
Conclusions:
- A significant, short-lived orienting bias towards ENDS cues exists in ENDS users.
- ENDS use influences early-stage attentional processes.
- Improved methods for measuring early-stage attentional biases in ENDS users are suggested.
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