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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Fabrication and Operation of Acoustofluidic Devices Supporting Bulk Acoustic Standing Waves for Sheathless Focusing of Particles

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Optimized shaped pulses for a 2D single-frequency technique for refocusing (SIFTER).

Paul A S Trenkler^1,2, Burkhard Endeward^1,2, Snorri T Sigurdsson³

¹Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Magnetic Resonance (Gottingen, Germany)

|January 6, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Chirped pulses enable broadband Fourier transform detection in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. This study details optimization for chirped pulses in 2D-SIFTER experiments, demonstrating their utility for distance measurements.

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Area of Science:

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy
Pulsed EPR Techniques
Spin Physics

Background:

Arbitrary waveform generators (AWGs) are available for shaped pulse generation in EPR.
Chirp pulses are common in pulsed electron double resonance (PELDOR) but less so for broadband phase-sensitive transverse magnetization generation.
Broadband Fourier transform (FT) detection of electron spin echo signals requires optimized pulse sequences.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide detailed insights into optimizing chirped pulse usage for broadband FT detection in EPR.
To investigate instrumental challenges associated with chirped pulses in the SIFTER experiment.
To explore the application of chirped pulses for measuring distances in biomolecules.

Main Methods:

Investigated phase and amplitude of chirped echoes for varying time-bandwidth products and refocusing pulses.
Studied the influence of B1 inhomogeneity on chirped pulse performance.
Performed EPR-correlated 2D-SIFTER measurements on RNA duplexes with nitroxide spin labels.

Main Results:

Established optimization procedures for using chirped pulses in broadband FT detection.
Successfully conducted EPR-correlated 2D-SIFTER measurements on a model system.
Demonstrated the feasibility of novel SIFTER pulse sequences for distance measurements.

Conclusions:

Chirped pulses can be effectively optimized for broadband FT detection in EPR, specifically for the SIFTER experiment.
The developed methods allow for EPR-correlated 2D-SIFTER measurements on complex systems like RNA.
New SIFTER pulse sequences offer potential for improved distance measurements in EPR spectroscopy.