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Ecological Security Pattern Construction Integrating "Connectivity-Importance-Niche" Approach Under Vertical
Zechen Wang1,2, Jingeng Huo1,3, Zhenqin Shi1,4,5
1Faculty of Geographical Science and Engineering Henan University Zhengzhou China.
Ecology and Evolution
|January 6, 2026
Summary
Ecological security patterns (ESPs) safeguard biodiversity against habitat fragmentation. Integrating niche suitability with connectivity and importance created superior mountain ESPs, optimizing ecological source distribution and network performance.
Area of Science:
- Ecology
- Conservation Biology
- Spatial Planning
Background:
- Habitat fragmentation isolates species populations, necessitating biodiversity conservation strategies.
- Ecological security patterns (ESPs) are crucial for safeguarding biodiversity.
- Existing ESP studies often lack integrated ecological source assessment and overlook vertical zonation in mountainous regions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To construct and compare three types of ESPs in the Funiu Mountain region.
- To examine the influence of vertical zonation on the spatial configuration and network performance of mountainous ESPs.
- To integrate connectivity, ecological importance, and niche suitability for improved ESP construction.
Main Methods:
- Developed three ESPs: connectivity-based (ESP1), importance-based (ESP2), and integrated (ESP3).
- Assessed spatial configuration, network performance, and cost-efficiency of each ESP.
- Analyzed the impact of vertical zonation (800-1200m) on ecological sources and corridors.
Main Results:
- The integrated ESP (ESP3) demonstrated superior spatial distribution of ecological sources, corridors, and nodes compared to ESP1 and ESP2.
- ESP3 encompassed 13 ecological sources (5932 km²), 53 corridors (3308 km), and 48 nodes.
- Optimal network connectivity and a slight improvement in cost ratio were observed in ESP3 within the 800-1200m altitudinal range.
Conclusions:
- Integrating niche suitability with connectivity and ecological importance enhances ESP construction in mountainous areas.
- Vertical zonation significantly influences the spatial configuration and network performance of ESPs.
- The study provides a scientific foundation for mountain ecosystem conservation and sustainable development considering vertical gradients.
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