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Clinical progress note: Measles

Anne Ewing1, Catherine Hahn1, Adam J Ratner2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.

Journal of Hospital Medicine
|January 6, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Measles outbreaks are increasing due to lower vaccination rates. Healthcare providers must be prepared to diagnose and manage this contagious disease, especially in vulnerable populations.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Measles incidence is low among US medical providers, but rising outbreaks threaten this.
  • Decreasing childhood vaccination rates and increasing multi-state outbreaks are key concerns.
  • Measles poses significant risks, including hospitalization and severe illness, particularly for young children, pregnant individuals, and the immunocompromised.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and management of measles.
  • To prepare hospitalists for potential measles cases and in-hospital transmission.
  • To emphasize the importance of timely response to highly contagious diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on measles epidemiology, transmission, and clinical presentation.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and management protocols for measles.
  • Discussion of infection control measures within hospital settings.

Main Results:

  • Measles is highly contagious, with infectiousness preceding rash onset by approximately 4 days.
  • In-hospital transmission is a risk prior to measles diagnosis.
  • High-risk groups face severe complications from measles.

Conclusions:

  • Hospitalists require updated knowledge on measles diagnosis and management.
  • Prompt identification and isolation are crucial to prevent in-hospital measles transmission.
  • Maintaining high vaccination rates is essential for public health and preventing widespread outbreaks.

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