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Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System

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Structure-function correlations in graphene screen-printed electrodes: capacitive and faradaic behaviour.

Tharinda Kasemphong¹, Monchai Jitvisate², Chanida Jakkrawhad¹

¹School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand. kamonwad@g.sut.ac.th.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP

|January 6, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Graphene origin impacts screen-printed electrode interfaces. Surface chemistry, not morphology, dictates potential, while capacitance relates to wetting and porosity, guiding precursor selection for applications.

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Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Materials Science
Surface Science

Background:

The influence of graphene origin on interfacial behavior in screen-printed electrodes remains poorly understood.
Graphene's diverse fabrication methods lead to varied physical and chemical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how different graphene origins affect interfacial electrochemical properties of screen-printed electrodes.
To correlate interfacial metrics with physical characteristics for optimized graphene precursor selection.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of four types of graphene screen-printed electrodes (commercial, combustion-derived, exfoliated, CVD-grown) using a standardized ink and printing protocol.
Application of conventional electroanalysis and step-potential electrochemical spectroscopy to determine differential capacitance (C(E)) and charging timescales (τ).
Evaluation of heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics for a redox couple ([Fe(CN)6]4-/3-) to probe faradaic processes.

Main Results:

All electrodes exhibited similar point zero charge (PZC) potentials (0.35-0.40 V vs. Ag/AgCl), primarily governed by surface chemistry and electronic structure.
Double-layer capacitance (Cdl) correlated with electrode wetting and mesoporosity.
Charging timescales (τ) were consistent (15-25 ms) and influenced by the balance between ionic access resistance and capacitance.
Heterogeneous electron transfer rates (k0) were dependent on edge, defect, and oxygen functionalities, rather than film conductivity, with values ranging from (0.76-1.99) × 10^-5 m s^-1.

Conclusions:

Interfacial electrochemical properties (capacitive and faradaic) of graphene screen-printed electrodes are directly linked to physical features like porosity, defect density, and surface chemistry.
These findings offer initial criteria for selecting appropriate graphene precursors based on desired interfacial characteristics for applications in sensing, catalysis, and energy storage.