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Engineered Therapeutic Nanoplatforms for Ischemic Heart Disease Treatment Vis Cardiac Microenvironment Reprogramming.

Hui Xiao1, Wenjia Zhang1, Jian Liu1

  • 1School of Medicine and Health, Zhengzhou Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|January 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This review explores how nanotechnology can target specific stages of ischemic heart disease (IHD) – oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis – to overcome current therapy limitations and enable full-course intervention.

Keywords:
ischemic heart diseasemicroenvironment reprogrammingtherapeutic nanoplatformswhole‐cycle pathology

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Nanomedicine

Background:

  • Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a leading global cause of mortality.
  • IHD progresses through distinct phases: acute, transitional, and end-stage, characterized by a cycle of oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis.
  • Current IHD therapies have significant limitations, including secondary injury post-reperfusion and issues with conventional pharmacotherapy like low bioavailability and systemic toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically analyze nanomaterial applications for stage-specific targeting in IHD.
  • To address the gap in reviews regarding nanotherapy for the full course of IHD.
  • To provide a theoretical basis for developing novel nanotechnology-based IHD therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of IHD pathology and treatment bottlenecks across different stages.
  • Critical evaluation of recent advances in nanomaterial applications for IHD.
  • Analysis of current nanotherapy challenges and limitations.

Main Results:

  • Nanotechnology offers potential for targeted delivery and precise regulation of IHD pathology.
  • Nanomaterials can be designed to target specific mechanisms of IHD at acute (oxidative stress), transitional (inflammation), and end-stage (fibrosis) phases.
  • Existing reviews lack a systematic analysis of stage-specific nanotherapy for full-course IHD intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted nanotherapies hold promise for comprehensive IHD management.
  • Further research is needed to overcome nanotherapy challenges and optimize stage-specific interventions.
  • This review provides insights for developing innovative nanotechnology-based treatments for ischemic heart disease.