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Cutaneous Adverse Events Associated With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A FAERS Database Analysis From 2018-2024.

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Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) can cause skin side effects, though they are less common than with other medications. Awareness of these potential adverse events is crucial for patient care as GLP-1 RA use expands.

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Area of Science:

Pharmacovigilance
Dermatology
Endocrinology

Background:

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly used for conditions beyond type 2 diabetes, such as psoriasis and hidradenitis suppurativa.
The dermatologic safety profile of GLP-1 RAs remains largely unknown despite their expanding therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the incidence and characteristics of cutaneous adverse events (AEs) associated with commonly prescribed GLP-1 RAs.
To compare the risk of dermatologic AEs between different GLP-1 RAs and a comparator drug class.

Main Methods:

Analysis of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data from 2018-2024 for semaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, and dulaglutide.
Identification of cutaneous AEs using MedDRA terms including rash, pruritus, urticaria, alopecia, and angioedema.
Calculation of frequency, proportional reporting ratios (PRRs), and odds ratios (ORs) using dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors as a comparator.

Main Results:

Cutaneous AEs were reported in up to 8.16% of GLP-1 RA cases, predominantly in females aged around 60.
Semaglutide showed the highest incidence, while dulaglutide had the lowest.
GLP-1 RAs were proportionally less common than DPP-4 inhibitors (PRR=0.27); however, exenatide was linked to increased odds (OR=5.01), while liraglutide and semaglutide showed decreased odds.

Conclusions:

Cutaneous adverse effects of GLP-1 RAs are infrequent but exhibit variability among different agents.
Factors such as dosage and immunomodulatory effects may influence these reactions.
Increased clinician awareness of these potential dermatologic AEs is necessary for improved patient counseling and adherence as GLP-1 RA indications broaden.