[Understanding menopause. Pathophysiology of hot flashes]

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Endocrinology
• Women's Health
• Neurobiology

Background:

• Menopause, the permanent cessation of menstruation, has historical and cultural dimensions.
• Estrogen deficiency post-menopause is linked to reduced quality of life and increased disease risk.
• Vasomotor symptoms like hot flashes are key manifestations of estrogen deficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the pathophysiology of vasomotor symptoms during menopause.
• To investigate the role of neuromediators in thermoregulation affected by estradiol decline.

Main Methods:

• Review of historical and cultural perceptions of menopause.
• Analysis of scientific literature on estrogen deficiency and its consequences.
• Examination of recent advances in understanding thermoregulation and neuromediators.

Main Results:

• Estrogen deficiency significantly impacts women's quality of life and health.
• Vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes) are directly linked to decreased estradiol levels.
• Neuromediators are implicated in thermoregulation changes, narrowing the thermoneutral zone.

Conclusions:

• Menopause involves complex physiological changes beyond menstruation cessation.
• Understanding the neurobiology of hot flashes is crucial for managing menopausal symptoms.
• The medicalization of menopause remains a significant topic of discussion and research.