Chitosan-based biostimulants for improving soil health, water and nutrient availability

Chitosan-based biostimulants have gained significant attention as potential solutions for improving soil health and optimizing nutrient uptake in agricultural systems. Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide derived from chitin, exhibits unique properties, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, and plant growth-promoting effects, making it an attractive candidate for improving soil health. Chitosan-based biostimulants interact with soil microorganisms, stimulating their activity and promoting beneficial symbiotic relationships. This interaction enhances nutrient cycling, improves soil structure, and increases water-holding capacity. In addition, chitosan-based biostimulants are critical for enhancing root development, increasing nutrient solubility, and facilitating ion exchange, thereby improving nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency. By improving nutrient availability, these biostimulants increase crop productivity and reduce fertilizer use. In addition to their effects on soil health and nutrient uptake, chitosan-based biostimulants have demonstrated the potential to mitigate biotic and abiotic stresses. They help plants cope with stress by improving water and nutrient availability, enhancing antioxidant defenses, and regulating stress-responsive genes. While the benefits of chitosan-based biostimulants are evident, further research is needed to optimize their efficacy and ensure their safety for long-term use. This review highlights the role of chitosan-based biostimulants in agricultural systems, focusing on biotic and abiotic stress and on improving soil health.