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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Preparation and 3D Tracking of Catalytic Swimming Devices

Preparation and 3D Tracking of Catalytic Swimming Devices

Published on: July 1, 2016

Enzyme decorated microbubbles as self-propelling motors.

Palash Dhara¹, Niyati Shah¹, Arnab Maiti¹

¹Laboratory of Soft and Living Materials, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar 382055, India.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal

|January 6, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel microbubble motor entirely from bovine serum albumin, a protein. These biocompatible motors exhibit enhanced diffusion and energy transfer capabilities, paving the way for advanced biological applications.

Keywords:

active matter catalase catalysis diffusion microbubbles micromotor

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Published on: May 26, 2014

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Nanotechnology
Biophysics

Background:

Enzyme-powered micro/nanomotors offer multifunctionality for biological applications.
Existing motors often retain synthetic components, hindering biological integration.
A need exists for fully biocompatible motors for seamless use in biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and demonstrate a proof-of-concept microbubble motor constructed entirely from biological components.
To investigate the motion and energy transfer capabilities of these protein-based motors.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of microbubble motors using bovine serum albumin (BSA).
Decoration of microbubbles with catalase enzyme to induce motion.
Observation of enhanced diffusion and energy transfer in the presence of substrate and tracer particles.
Langevin Dynamics simulations to quantify generated forces.

Main Results:

BSA microbubbles decorated with catalase exhibited substrate concentration-dependent enhanced diffusion.
These protein-based motors transferred energy over distances 100 times their body length.
Enhanced diffusion of passive tracer particles was observed due to motor activity.
Simulations estimated the force per catalytic turnover to be in the piconewton range.

Conclusions:

A fully protein-based microbubble motor was successfully designed and demonstrated.
These biocompatible motors show promising capabilities for energy transfer and enhanced diffusion in biological environments.
The findings represent a significant step towards integrating micro/nanomotors into biological systems without synthetic contaminants.