Enrichment of pyrethroid insecticides using effervescent-assisted ionic liquid functionalized in melamine sponge for...

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Environmental Chemistry
• Food Chemistry

Background:

• Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used, necessitating sensitive detection methods for residues in food.
• Existing methods for pyrethroid detection can be complex and time-consuming.
• Developing efficient and green extraction techniques is crucial for food safety analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a preconcentration and detection method for trace pyrethroid insecticide residues.
• To utilize ionic liquid-embedded melamine sponge for pipette tip micro solid-phase extraction.
• To couple the extraction method with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for sensitive analysis.

Main Methods:

• Synthesis of ionic liquid using tributylhexadecylphosphonium bromide and potassium hexafluorophosphate.
• Embedding ionic liquid into melamine sponge for pipette tip micro solid-phase extraction (SPME).
• Characterization of sorbent morphology (SEM) and structure (FTIR).
• Analysis of pyrethroid residues in fruit juice using HPLC.

Main Results:

• The method demonstrated a wide linear range (2-100 μg l⁻¹) with R² > 0.99.
• Low limits of quantification (2-3 μg l⁻¹) and detection (0.7-1 μg l⁻¹) were achieved.
• High enrichment factors (36.50-45.52 folds) and good reproducibility (RSD < 4.65%) were obtained.
• The method showed excellent accuracy and acceptable recoveries for pyrethroid extraction in fruit juice.

Conclusions:

• The developed method is effective for the trace determination of pyrethroid insecticides in fruit juice.
• Ionic liquid-embedded melamine sponge offers a promising and efficient sorbent for SPME.
• The method's greenness was evaluated, indicating its potential for sustainable analytical practices.