Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

5.9K
The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
5.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Novel assessment of postprandial metabolism reveals sex-specific metabolic flexibility and lipid remodeling following volumetric muscle loss.

American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology·2026
Same author

A Picture is Worth a Thousand Clinical Assessments: Use of Video-Based Pose Estimation to Augment Post-Stroke Upper Limb Assessment of Bilateral Tasks.

Restorative neurology and neuroscience·2025
Same author

Observational Study of Neuroimaging Biomarkers of Severe Upper Limb Impairment After Stroke.

Neurology·2022
Same author

Inhibitory Control Deficits in Children with Tic Disorders Revealed by Object-Hit-and-Avoid Task.

Neural plasticity·2021
Same author

Statistical Considerations for Drawing Conclusions About Recovery.

Neurorehabilitation and neural repair·2020
Same author

Assessment of Sex Differences in Recovery of Motor and Sensory Impairments Poststroke.

Neurorehabilitation and neural repair·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
08:26

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Published on: January 11, 2016

12.5K

Characterizing complex upper limb movements with and without visual feedback in typically developing children.

Rachel L Hawe1, Alexandria N Richardson1, Triet Minh Lu1

  • 1School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|January 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children

Keywords:
motor developmentmotor planningupper limb movementsvisual feedback

More Related Videos

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans
10:51

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans

Published on: January 15, 2018

8.8K
Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another
05:12

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

Published on: September 18, 2017

548.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
08:26

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Published on: January 11, 2016

12.5K
Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans
10:51

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans

Published on: January 15, 2018

8.8K
Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another
05:12

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

Published on: September 18, 2017

548.5K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental neuroscience
  • Motor control
  • Human movement science

Background:

  • Upper limb movement development is often studied using simple reaching tasks.
  • Reaching tasks may not fully capture the complexity of daily upper limb activities.
  • Complex motor planning and execution are crucial for functional daily tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the development of complex upper limb movements in children and adolescents.
  • To examine the role of visual feedback in refining motor planning and execution.
  • To establish a novel task for assessing motor control in clinical populations.

Main Methods:

  • A complex maze navigation task was designed for upper limb movement assessment.
  • Thirty-one participants aged 8–17 years completed the task with and without visual feedback.
  • Key metrics included reaction time, movement time, hand path length, and speed peaks.

Main Results:

  • With visual feedback, reaction time, movement time, and path length decreased with age.
  • Without visual feedback, movement time and path length increased, indicating greater difficulty.
  • Age-related improvements suggest enhanced anticipatory planning and feedforward control.

Conclusions:

  • Complex upper limb movements mature throughout childhood and adolescence.
  • Visual feedback significantly aids motor performance, especially in younger individuals.
  • The developed task can assess motor impairments in clinical groups, like cerebral palsy.