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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics

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Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...

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Functionalization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Thermo-reversible Block Copolymers and Characterization by Small-angle Neutron Scattering

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A general multi-stratum model for a nanofunctionalized releasing capsule: An experiment-driven computational study.

Elia Onofri¹, Emiliano Cristiani¹, Andrea Martelli²

¹Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo (IAC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy.

Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering : MBE

|January 6, 2026

Summary

This study presents a computational model for drug release from multi-strata microcapsules, accounting for capsule erosion and complex diffusion. The model accurately predicts release kinetics, aiding the design of advanced drug delivery systems.

Keywords:

biocompounds diffusion equations drug release microcapsules numerical solution

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science
Computational Modeling

Background:

Releasing capsules are crucial for drug delivery, typically featuring a core and concentric coatings.
Existing models often simplify capsule structure and release dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To extend mechanistic models for multi-strata capsules, including concurrent erosion.
To computationally characterize active substance release kinetics.
To provide design criteria for controlled release drug delivery systems.

Main Methods:

Developed a computational model for drug release from spherical microcapsules.
Employed a non-linear diffusion equation with asymmetric diffusion and discontinuous coefficients.
Solved numerically using a finite volume scheme with adaptive resolution.
Derived analytical expressions for concentration and cumulative release.

Main Results:

Model accurately predicts release profiles from multi-strata capsules.
Identified key parameters influencing release kinetics, such as coating permeability.
Model predictions showed good agreement with in vitro experimental data.

Conclusions:

The developed model offers mechanistic insight into transport processes in composite particles.
Serves as a practical tool for evaluating and designing next-generation drug delivery systems.
Reduces experimental effort in the development of controlled release systems.