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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes
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Contextualizing TH17 cells in cancer.

Declan Pang1, Alice Bertocchi1, Fiona Powrie2

  • 1The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Nature Reviews. Immunology
|January 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

T helper 17 (TH17) cells play a dual role in cancer immunity, potentially hindering or promoting tumor elimination. Their function depends on the tumor microenvironment, offering new immunotherapy targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Cellular and Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • The immune system employs complex mechanisms to detect and destroy tumors.
  • T helper 17 (TH17) cells have a multifaceted role in cancer immunity, with evidence suggesting both pro- and anti-tumor functions.
  • This duality may stem from TH17 cell plasticity, allowing adaptation to diverse tissue microenvironments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the context-dependent roles of TH17 cells in cancer.
  • To identify environmental signals and regulatory networks influencing TH17 cell phenotypes in cancer.
  • To discuss potential strategies for manipulating TH17 cells in cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing research on TH17 cells in cancer immunology.
  • Analysis of TH17 cell plasticity and functional adaptation.
  • Examination of environmental cues and regulatory networks shaping TH17 cell function within tumor niches.

Main Results:

  • TH17 cells exhibit significant plasticity, adopting varied effector functions based on microenvironmental signals.
  • Tumor heterogeneity influences TH17 cell phenotypes and their impact on anti-tumor immunity.
  • Specific environmental cues and regulatory networks dictate whether TH17 cells promote or inhibit anti-tumor responses.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding TH17 cell plasticity is crucial for deciphering their complex role in cancer.
  • Targeting TH17 cell functions within specific tumor contexts may enhance cancer immunotherapy efficacy.
  • Further research into TH17 cell regulation could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.