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Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
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500+ FACs Perovskite Solar Cells under Long-Term Stability Testing.

Žan Ajdič1, Fernando Solorio Soto1, Marko Remec1,2

  • 1Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|January 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Long-term stability tests on over 500 perovskite solar cells reveal light as the primary degradation factor. Removing bromide ions significantly enhances cell stability, improving longevity.

Keywords:
long-term stabilitymaximum power point trackingmoisture and light degradationperovskite solar cellsphotoluminescencevoltage bias degradation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy
  • Photovoltaics

Background:

  • Perovskite solar cells offer high efficiency but suffer from long-term stability issues.
  • Understanding degradation mechanisms is crucial for commercialization.
  • Previous studies highlight moisture and light as key degradation factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the long-term stability of over 500 FACs perovskite solar cells.
  • To identify the primary degradation contributors under various stress conditions.
  • To evaluate the impact of compositional changes on cell longevity.

Main Methods:

  • Long-term maximum power point (MPP) tracking under varying light intensities and cyclic conditions.
  • Al2O3 capping for moisture resilience.
  • Visual inspection, spatial, and spectral photoluminescence measurements.
  • Statistical analysis of over 500 tested devices.

Main Results:

  • Al2O3 capping effectively mitigates moisture-induced degradation.
  • Light is confirmed as the main degradation driver.
  • Phase segregation and perovskite/C60 interface degradation are identified as key issues.
  • Removing bromide ions from FACs composition improves stability by up to 5-fold (t80 lifetime).
  • A linear correlation exists between t80 lifetime and bias voltage during stability tracking.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing perovskite composition, specifically bromide ion content, is critical for enhancing solar cell stability.
  • Light-induced degradation, driven by phase segregation and interface issues, is a major challenge.
  • Statistical analysis of a large sample size (>500) reveals significant variability in long-term stability measurements compared to J-V measurements.