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Antibody Structure

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...

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Creating Highly Specific Chemically Induced Protein Dimerization Systems by Stepwise Phage Selection of a Combinatorial Single-Domain Antibody Library

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A Modular and Convergent "Stick and Click" Conjugation Platform Enables Fast Antibody Conjugate Library Synthesis.

Connor Livingstone^1,2, Simon Nicolle¹, Gavin Jones¹

¹GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, U.K., SG1 2NY.

Bioconjugate Chemistry

|January 7, 2026

Summary

We developed a modular platform for creating antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) efficiently. This approach allows for rapid customization of payloads, linkers, and conjugation methods, streamlining ADC development.

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Area of Science:

Bioconjugation Chemistry
Pharmaceutical Development
Antibody Engineering

Background:

Traditional antibody drug conjugate (ADC) preparation involves a linear synthesis, limiting parallelization and automation.
This sequential method hinders rapid exploration of diverse payloads, linkers, and conjugation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and implement a general modular platform for assembling ADCs.
To enable facile variation in payload, linker composition, and bioconjugation techniques.
To facilitate a convergent synthesis approach for ADCs.

Main Methods:

Developed a modular platform for ADC assembly.
Utilized a convergent synthesis strategy.
Prepared a library of antibody conjugates with varied antibodies, payloads, linker types (cleavable/non-cleavable), and conjugation methods.

Main Results:

Successfully assembled a library of ADCs using the modular platform.
Demonstrated facile variation in payload, linker, and conjugation techniques.
Enabled direct comparison of different conjugation method performances.

Conclusions:

The modular platform supports efficient, parallel, and automated assembly of ADCs.
This approach allows for targeted optimization of ADC properties by separating payload attachment and bioconjugation.
The platform facilitates rapid generation and evaluation of diverse ADC candidates.