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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
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The Modified Oral Status Survey Tool: Development and Psychometrics for Accessible Oral Health Data Collection.

Katrina Byrne1,2, Blánaid Daly3, Philip McCallion4

  • 1School of Dental Science, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology
|January 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The Modified Oral Status Survey Tool (MOSST) is a reliable and valid oral health assessment for individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). This low-burden tool is feasible for non-dental professionals, improving oral health monitoring in understudied populations.

Keywords:
feasibilityhealth equityinclusive researchnon‐ dental assessment toolpsychometric validationreliability

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Area of Science:

  • Oral health research
  • Disability studies
  • Health equity

Background:

  • Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience significant oral health disparities.
  • Exclusion from research exacerbates health inequalities and limits evidence-based interventions.
  • Accessible tools are needed to assess oral health in populations requiring communication and cognitive support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate the Modified Oral Status Survey Tool (MOSST).
  • To assess the MOSST's conceptual coverage, content validity, reliability, feasibility, and cost.
  • To create an accessible, low-burden oral health assessment for individuals with ID.

Main Methods:

  • Iterative tool development process including attribute and content validity testing.
  • Interim MOSST v0.1 tested for reliability, burden, cost, and feasibility.
  • MOSST v1.0 content validity tested by expert and Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) panels.
  • Field testing with 469 adults with ID from the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (IDS-TILDA).

Main Results:

  • The MOSST demonstrated very strong/strong inter- and intra-rater reliability for key oral health indicators.
  • Content validity confirmed by expert and PPI panels, leading to tool refinements.
  • High acceptability reported: 98% found the process acceptable, 100% painless and not time-consuming.
  • Low cost per assessment (approx. €6.69) due to minimal equipment and staff requirements.

Conclusions:

  • The MOSST is a reliable, valid, and feasible seven-item oral health assessment tool for people with ID.
  • It is suitable for use by non-dental assessors, offering a low-cost, low-burden solution.
  • The MOSST has potential for improving oral health monitoring in understudied communities.