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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice
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Alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation improves hyperglycemia and attenuates the decrease in GLUT4 and PGC-1α proteins

Ai Takemura1,2, Yutaka Matsunaga1,3, Shota Hajime1

  • 1Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Journal of Nutritional Science
|January 7, 2026
PubMed

Keywords:
AKG, Alpha-ketoglutarateAMPK, AMP-activated protein kinaseATP5A, ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, α-subunitAdipose tissuesAlpha-ketoglutarateBAT, brown adipose tissueBCAA, branched-chain amino acidBCAT2, BCAA transaminases 2BCKAs, branched-chain keto acidsCON, controlDM, diabetesDiabetesELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayGLUT4, glucose transporter 4HFD, high-fat dietHOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistanceICR, Institute of Cancer ResearchNDUFB8, NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1β subcomplex 8OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylationPGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 alphaPRDM16, PRD1-BF-1-RIZ1 homologous domain containing protein 16SD, standard deviationSDHB, succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit BSTZ, streptozotocinSkeletal musclesT2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitusTA, tibialis anteriorUCP1, uncoupling protein 1UQCRC2, ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein IImTORC1, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1

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