Selenium Nanoparticles: Biomedical Application Advances and New Stomatology Pathways

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Nanomedicine
• Materials Chemistry

Background:

• Selenium nanomaterials (SeNPs) are emerging with significant medical interest due to biocompatibility, low toxicity, and sustainability.
• Their tunable properties and ease of synthesis position SeNPs as promising candidates for adjuvant therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review synthesis strategies (physical, chemical, biological) for SeNPs.
• To compare the properties, advantages, and disadvantages of different SeNP synthesis methods.
• To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of SeNP bioactivity and summarize their therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of synthesis strategies for Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs).
• Analysis of SeNP properties, including advantages and limitations of synthesis methods.
• Examination of molecular mechanisms and in vivo therapeutic effects of SeNPs.

Main Results:

• Three primary SeNP synthesis approaches (physical, chemical, biological) were outlined, with comparative analysis of their strengths and weaknesses.
• Molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities were detailed, focusing on signaling pathways.
• Recent advancements in SeNP applications for antimicrobial therapy, cancer treatment, and anti-inflammatory interventions were summarized.

Conclusions:

• SeNPs demonstrate significant therapeutic potential across various biomedical applications.
• Further exploration of SeNPs in stomatology is warranted, based on their established benefits and potential.
• This review provides a theoretical foundation for advancing SeNP applications in medicine and dentistry.