Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...

Blind Procedures

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...

Blinding

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Survival and Economic Benefits of Implementing Evidence-Based Tobacco Treatment Across US Cancer Care.

JCO oncology practice·2026

Same author

An Electronic Health Record "Nudge" to Reduce Antipsychotic Medication Prescribing for Primary Care Patients With Dementia: A Pragmatic RCT.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society·2026

Same author

Clinician Perspectives on Ambient AI Scribes in the Intensive Care Unit: Qualitative Interview Study.

JMIR medical informatics·2026

Same author

Paradox of engagement: precautionary public health alerts and gender inequality in cancer diagnosis-a quasi-experimental study.

BMJ quality & safety·2026

Same author

Sociodemographic Paradoxes and Enrollment Differences in In-Person Versus Online Recruitment to a Mobile Health Smoking Cessation Intervention for Food-Insecure Adults: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Journal of medical Internet research·2026

Same author

Colorectal cancer screening: An update to the American Cancer Society guideline, 2026.

CA: a cancer journal for clinicians·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis

Published on: December 20, 2024

Ambient AI Scribes in Clinical Practice: A Randomized Trial.

Paul J Lukac^1,2, William Turner³, Sitaram Vangala³

¹Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

|January 7, 2026

Summary

Ambient AI scribes show promise in reducing physician documentation time and burnout. One AI scribe, Nabla, significantly decreased time-in-note, while both AI scribes potentially improved physician burnout and task load.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Traditional Chinese Medicine for Sleep Disorders in Acute COPD — A Safe, Cost-Effective Approach

Author Spotlight: Traditional Chinese Medicine for Sleep Disorders in Acute COPD — A Safe, Cost-Effective Approach

Published on: October 18, 2024

E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

Published on: August 1, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis

Published on: December 20, 2024

Author Spotlight: Traditional Chinese Medicine for Sleep Disorders in Acute COPD — A Safe, Cost-Effective Approach

Author Spotlight: Traditional Chinese Medicine for Sleep Disorders in Acute COPD — A Safe, Cost-Effective Approach

Published on: October 18, 2024

E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

Published on: August 1, 2019

Area of Science:

Medical Informatics
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Clinical Documentation

Background:

Ambient artificial intelligence (AI) scribes offer a potential solution to the significant documentation burden and physician burnout.
Despite their promise, the real-world impact of AI scribes has not been rigorously evaluated in randomized clinical trials.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of two ambient AI scribe applications, Microsoft Dragon Ambient eXperience (DAX) Copilot and Nabla, on physician documentation time and burnout.
To compare the effectiveness of DAX Copilot and Nabla against a usual-care control group in a pragmatic randomized clinical trial.

Main Methods:

A parallel three-group pragmatic randomized clinical trial involving 238 physicians across 14 specialties.
Physicians were randomized 1:1:1 to either DAX Copilot, Nabla, or a usual-care control group.
Primary outcome was change in log writing time-in-note; secondary outcomes included physician task load and burnout scores.

Main Results:

Nabla use was associated with a statistically significant 9.5% decrease in time-in-note compared to the control group (P=0.02).
DAX Copilot did not show a significant change in time-in-note compared to the control group (P=0.66).
Both DAX Copilot and Nabla users reported potential improvements in physician task load, burnout, and work exhaustion scores, though findings require further validation.

Conclusions:

Nabla demonstrated a significant reduction in physician time-in-note, suggesting its effectiveness in streamlining documentation.
Both AI scribes showed potential benefits for physician well-being, but further multicenter trials are needed to confirm these secondary outcomes.
Clinicians perceived similar performance between the two AI scribe platforms, highlighting the need for ongoing vigilance regarding occasional inaccuracies.