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Brain-Computer Interface Training Enhances Attention Function via Modulating Frontoparietal Connectivity: Evidence

Yuhong Huang1,2, Qian Ding2, Zhenghong Chen3

  • 1Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 106 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China, gdghospital.org.cn.

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|January 7, 2026
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Summary

Brain-computer interface (BCI) training enhances attention networks by optimizing frontoparietal network connectivity, improving executive control function in healthy adults.

Keywords:
attentionbrain computer interfaceeffective connectivityfrontoparietal networksfunctional near-infrared spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Attention is crucial but impaired in neurological disorders.
  • Brain-computer interface (BCI) training shows promise for cognitive enhancement.
  • Neural mechanisms of BCI training on attention networks require investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate BCI training effects on attention in healthy young adults.
  • Elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying BCI-mediated attention improvements.
  • Examine alterations in brain activation and connectivity post-BCI training.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty healthy young adults participated.
  • Attention Network Test (ANT) assessed attention function.
  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measured brain activity and connectivity.
  • Assessments were conducted pre- and post-BCI training.

Main Results:

  • BCI training significantly improved executive control network efficiency (p=0.016).
  • Decreased nodal efficiency in the right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) was observed (p=0.044).
  • Altered effective connectivity (EC) was found in frontoparietal networks (FPNs) during resting and task states.

Conclusions:

  • BCI training optimizes FPN connectivity, enhancing executive control.
  • BCI training emerges as a potential cognitive intervention for FPN function.
  • Future research should explore long-term BCI effects and clinical applications.