Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
Published on: July 5, 2017
Motivating Self-Care and Enhancing Treatment Adherence in Elderly Type 2 Diabetes: An Extended Parallel Process Model
Malihe Kabusi1, Gholam Reza Mahmoodi-Shan2, Abdurrhman Charkazi3
1Nursing Department of Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran, goums.ac.ir.
Background:
This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of an intervention based on the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) in improving treatment adherence and self-care among elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Methods:
This randomized clinical trial was conducted among 70 elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes attending the Deziani Diabetes Clinic in Gorgan, Iran, during 2022. Participants were aged 60 years or older and capable of participating in the study. They were randomly assigned to either an intervention or a control group. The intervention was delivered over 5 weeks, and a posttest was conducted 4 weeks after the final session.
Results:
The Mann-Whitney U test revealed a statistically significant difference in treatment adherence between the intervention and control groups (U = -5.78, p = 0.01). The intervention group showed higher treatment adherence (mean = 102.91 SD = 6.67) than the control group (mean = 88.51, SD = 10.63), with a confidence interval of 11.18, a p-value of 0.001, and an effect size of η = 0.61 (p < 0.01), indicating that approximately 61% of the posttest variance was attributable to the intervention. There was a significant difference between total self-care scores after the intervention (t = 6.66, p = 0.01, CI: 8.31, 15.4). These findings suggest that the EPPM-based intervention effectively improved treatment adherence among elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Conclusion:
The EPPM-based educational intervention significantly improved treatment adherence and self-care among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. These results support the integration of the EPPM framework into diabetes education and management programs.
Related Concept Videos
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques VI
Motivation and Self-Determination
Motivation, the driving force behind behavior, plays a pivotal role at every stage of the change process. The research...
Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching II: Planning and Implementation
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Modeling in Therapy
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II
The agent-host-environment model states that disease results...
