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Vector Potential Index: Bridging Competence and Contribution as an Integrative Measure of Relative Transmission

Amely M Bauer1,2,3, Nathan D Burkett-Cadena1, Lawrence E Reeves1

  • 1Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, IFAS University of Florida Vero Beach Florida USA.

Ecology and Evolution
|January 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new Vector Potential Index (VPI) helps assess how different vectors contribute to diseases like West Nile virus (WNV). This tool uses existing data to rank vectors, aiding public health efforts in disease surveillance and control.

Keywords:
arthropod vectorhost usemosquitosurveillancevector competencezoonotic vector‐borne disease

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Vector Ecology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are a significant global public health threat.
  • Accurate assessment of vector contribution to transmission is vital for understanding disease hazard, especially in complex multi-host, multi-vector systems.
  • Existing metrics often fall short in evaluating transmission potential within these intricate disease systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate the Vector Potential Index (VPI), a novel metric for quantifying the transmission potential of arthropod vectors.
  • To assess the VPI's utility in evaluating vector contributions to zoonotic VBDs using West Nile virus (WNV) in the eastern U.S. as a model.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis approach was employed to synthesize data from scientific literature.
  • The VPI integrates vector competence and host utilization data.
  • Relative and absolute VPI ranks were assigned to vector species across different transmission cycles.

Main Results:

  • The VPI effectively assessed vector species' contributions to WNV transmission in both epizootic and enzootic cycles.
  • While *Aedes* species showed high competence in laboratory settings, *Culex* species received higher VPI ranks, reflecting their environmental transmission potential.
  • The VPI indicated a potentially greater role for *Culex salinarius* in WNV transmission than previously recognized.

Conclusions:

  • The VPI provides a robust, data-driven method for quantifying species-specific contributions to VBD transmission hazard in natural settings.
  • This trait-based approach enhances understanding of disease systems and can improve VBD surveillance and intervention strategies.
  • The VPI is proposed as a valuable tool for researchers and public health practitioners due to its objectivity and reproducibility.