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Bidirectional Mechanical Stimulation Enables Biomechanical Coupling and Functional Maturation in Arterial

Geonwoo Kim¹, Wonjun Jang^2,3, Geonho Lee¹

¹Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.

Advanced Healthcare Materials

|January 7, 2026

Summary

A novel blood and tissue side stretch (BTS) method enhances vascular tissue engineering by mimicking in vivo biomechanical forces. This approach improves arterial microphysiological systems (aMPSs) for better disease modeling and regenerative medicine.

Keywords:

arterial microphysiological system biomechanical stimulation elastomeric hydrogel scaffold smooth muscle cell maturation vascular tissue engineering

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Tissue Engineering
Cardiovascular Research

Background:

Engineering functional arterial tissues requires mimicking native mechanical environments.
Existing methods often lack the dynamic cues necessary for complete tissue maturation.
Arterial microphysiological systems (aMPSs) are crucial for studying vascular function and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and validate a bidirectional stimulation approach (blood and tissue side stretch - BTS) for arterial tissue engineering.
To assess the efficacy of BTS in promoting the maturation of arterial microphysiological systems (aMPSs).
To develop a more physiologically relevant platform for vascular tissue engineering and disease modeling.

Main Methods:

Co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in a bilayered vessel structure.
Application of cyclic circumferential stretch (BTS) to mimic in vivo biomechanical forces.
Assessment of tissue architecture, cellular behavior, barrier function, and vasomotor responsiveness.

Main Results:

BTS stimulation enhanced collagen fiber alignment and smooth muscle cell (SMC) contractile marker expression.
Improved barrier function and junctional protein localization were observed in HUVECs.
The matured aMPS demonstrated vasomotor responsiveness and biomechanical integrity, outperforming static controls.

Conclusions:

The BTS approach effectively recapitulates key in vivo biomechanical cues for vascular tissue engineering.
This method significantly advances the maturation of arterial microphysiological systems (aMPSs).
The developed platform offers a scalable, biomimetic solution for vascular research, drug testing, and regenerative medicine.