Burden of ocular morbidities among school-going children in Central India

Ocular morbidities in school children are often preventable or treatable. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of eye disorders among students in the field practice area of a medical college in Central India.

An observational study was conducted in seven schools near a Central Indian medical college. A total of 2216 students (1215 males, 1001 females, aged 6-16 years) underwent screening by trained medical student-supervisors. Assessments included visual acuity, pinhole vision, color vision, and strabismus. Anterior segment examination was performed. Students with suspected issues were referred for comprehensive evaluation. Statistical analysis using the Chi-square test was conducted.

The overall prevalence of ocular morbidity was 12.9%, predominantly uncorrected refractive error (9.5%). Morbidity was slightly higher in females (13.1%) than in males (12.7%), with the uncorrected refractive error significantly more common in females ( P < 0.05) and color vision deficiency in males ( P < 0.05). Private school children had a higher refractive error (13.2% vs 8.8%, P = 0.002), while vitamin A deficiency occurred only in government schools ( P = 0.0004). Visual impairment was seen in 2.8%, differing significantly by sex ( P = 0.002) and age group ( P = 0.004). Nearly 96% of identified morbidities were preventable or treatable.

A significant prevalence of ocular morbidities, particularly URE and VAD, exists among school children in this central Indian region. Age and gender are significant factors for URE. Improved school-based screening with effective referral systems and community education are crucial for addressing childhood visual impairment in this area.