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DNA barcoding markers: A comprehensive review and taxonomic classification across species
Varsha Rani1, Chetan Chauhan2, R S Sengar3
1Department of Biosciences, IMS Ghaziabad University Courses Campus, Ghaziabad 201015, India.
Computational Biology and Chemistry
|January 7, 2026
Summary
DNA barcoding uses genetic markers for species identification and biodiversity assessment. This review explores its evolution, applications, and future potential in genomics and conservation.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Biodiversity Science
- Molecular Ecology
Background:
- DNA barcoding, established in 2003, utilizes short genetic sequences as molecular markers for species identification.
- It has become fundamental in taxonomy, ecology, conservation, agriculture, and medicine.
- Widely used markers include COI (animals), ITS (fungi), and rbcL/matK (plants).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the historical development of DNA barcoding.
- To highlight the strengths and limitations of various genetic markers.
- To discuss advancements and future prospects of DNA barcoding.
Main Methods:
- Historical review of DNA barcoding literature.
- Analysis of marker utility across different taxa (animals, fungi, plants, algae).
- Examination of emerging technologies like multi-locus strategies, genome-based markers, DNA metabarcoding, next-generation sequencing, environmental DNA, and nanotechnology.
Main Results:
- DNA barcoding accurately identifies cryptic species and aids in food/forensic authentication.
- It enhances biodiversity monitoring across ecosystems.
- Advancements improve resolution and scalability, addressing challenges like low variability and incomplete databases.
Conclusions:
- DNA barcoding is an indispensable, cost-effective tool bridging taxonomy and genomics.
- Emerging technologies and global collaboration promise to transform biodiversity science.
- It is crucial for sustainable ecosystem management in the genomic era.
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