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Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices
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Decoding life: A detailed examination of program collection.

Jun Cao1

  • 1School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.

Bio Systems
|January 7, 2026
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Summary

Life is viewed as a complex system of interconnected programs, including genetic, metabolic, developmental, and neurocognitive processes. This paradigm integrates philosophical and scientific insights, offering a new perspective on biological organization and function.

Keywords:
CollectionLifeProgramsTheory

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Area of Science:

  • Life Sciences
  • Systems Biology
  • Philosophy of Biology

Background:

  • Traditional views of life lack a unifying framework.
  • Ancient philosophies and modern biological theories offer insights into life's complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and explore the theory of "life as a collection of programs."
  • To examine the philosophical and scientific underpinnings of this theory.
  • To discuss the implications and challenges of this new perspective.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review integrating philosophical concepts (e.g., atomism, Yin-Yang, dialectics) with scientific theories (e.g., cell theory, genetics, synthetic biology).
  • Analysis of the proposed components of life: genetic, metabolic, developmental, and neurocognitive programs.
  • Discussion of regulatory mechanisms: initiation, execution, feedback, and repair.

Main Results:

  • Life is conceptualized as a complex system of interacting programs (genetic, metabolic, developmental, neurocognitive).
  • These programs are supported by scientific evidence from cell theory, genetics, and synthetic biology.
  • Philosophical frameworks provide structural and dynamic support for the theory.

Conclusions:

  • The "life as programs" theory offers an interdisciplinary paradigm shift in understanding life.
  • Challenges include the "hard problem of consciousness" and ethical considerations.
  • Future research integrating single-cell omics and AI is crucial for advancing this field and its applications in medicine and biotechnology.