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Trachea

Trachea

The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a vital part of the human respiratory system. It serves as a passageway for air to travel between the larynx and the bronchi, allowing oxygen to reach the lungs. Let's explore its anatomical features, dimensions, layers of the tracheal wall, associated muscles, and the functions of its parts.
Anatomical Features:
Location: About half of the trachea is situated in the neck, anterior to the esophagus, and extends from the larynx (at the level of...

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Seeding and Implantation of a Biosynthetic Tissue-engineered Tracheal Graft in a Mouse Model

Seeding and Implantation of a Biosynthetic Tissue-engineered Tracheal Graft in a Mouse Model

Published on: April 1, 2019

Primary tracheal Ewing sarcoma.

Avdhesh Bansal¹, Priya Sharma², Amit Kishore¹

¹Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals New Delhi, New Delhi, India.

BMJ Case Reports

|January 7, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Primary tracheal Ewing sarcoma is rare, causing delayed diagnosis due to non-specific symptoms. This case highlights the need for considering rare tumors and using molecular tests for early, effective treatment.

Keywords:

Immunohistochemistry Lung cancer (oncology)Radiology Respiratory cancer Sarcoma

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Pulmonology
Pathology

Background:

Primary tracheal tumors are rare, with Ewing sarcoma being exceptionally uncommon.
Non-specific airway symptoms often lead to diagnostic delays for tracheal malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a case of primary Ewing sarcoma of the trachea.
To emphasize the diagnostic challenges and management strategies for this rare condition.

Main Methods:

Case report of a young adult female presenting with progressive airway symptoms.
Diagnostic workup included imaging, bronchoscopy with mass excision, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH).
Treatment involved surgical excision followed by chemotherapy.

Main Results:

Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and FISH confirmed Ewing sarcoma with EWSR1 gene rearrangement.
Bronchoscopic excision provided airway relief and tissue for diagnosis.
The patient responded well to chemotherapy and is stable on follow-up.

Conclusions:

Persistent, unexplained airway symptoms warrant consideration of rare tracheal tumors.
Immunohistochemistry and molecular testing (FISH for EWSR1 rearrangement) are crucial for accurate diagnosis.
Bronchoscopic intervention is valuable for both airway management and obtaining tissue diagnosis.
Early recognition and a multidisciplinary approach are vital for optimal outcomes in rare tracheal Ewing sarcoma.