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Related Concept Videos

Equipments Used To Measure Blood Pressure01:30

Equipments Used To Measure Blood Pressure

Direct Method
This invasive approach involves cannulating a peripheral artery. During each cardiac contraction, pressure generates mechanical motion within the catheter, transmitted through rigid, fluid-filled tubing to a transducer. This transducer converts mechanical motion into electrical signals displayed as waveforms on a monitor. An automatic flushing system prevents blood backflow. Due to the potential risk of unexpected arterial blood loss, this method is primarily used in intensive...
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Exercise Stress Test

Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
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An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes

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Development of a Mechanism-Based Instrument for Medical Device-Related Pressure Injury Risk in ICUs: Preliminary

Deliaty Bagenda Ali1,2, Saldy Yusuf3, Rosyidah Arafat3,4

  • 1Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pelamonia Institute of Health Sciences, Makassar, Indonesia.

Nursing in Critical Care
|January 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new 6-item instrument effectively assesses risk for medical device-related pressure injuries (MDRPI) in intensive care units (ICUs). This tool aids early identification and prevention of MDRPI in high-risk patients.

Keywords:
Delphi methodinstrument developmentintensive caremedical device–related pressure injurynursingrisk assessmentvalidation

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Area of Science:

  • Critical care medicine
  • Patient safety research
  • Medical device innovation

Background:

  • Medical device-related pressure injury (MDRPI) is a significant patient safety concern in intensive care units (ICUs).
  • Existing generic risk scales inadequately address device-skin interface mechanisms, leading to underestimation of MDRPI risk.
  • There is a lack of validated ICU-specific MDRPI risk assessment instruments in Indonesia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a concise, ICU-specific, mechanism-based risk assessment instrument for MDRPI.
  • To preliminarily validate the developed instrument for accuracy and reliability.

Main Methods:

  • A methodological study guided by the COSMIN framework.
  • Phases included literature review, item generation, three-round Delphi consensus with experts, and pilot testing in ICU patients.

Main Results:

  • The Delphi process refined 31 items into a 6-domain instrument covering nutrition, moisture, sensory perception, friction/shear, external devices, and consciousness.
  • The instrument demonstrated excellent content validity (I-CVI = 1.00, S-CVI/Ave = 1.00) and acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.81-0.85).
  • Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed excellent discriminative performance (AUC = 0.96) with an optimal cut-off score of ≥14 for high-risk MDRPI identification.

Conclusions:

  • The 6-item ICU-specific MDRPI risk assessment instrument shows strong preliminary validity and reliability.
  • It overcomes limitations of generic scales and offers a practical framework for MDRPI risk stratification in critical care.
  • The instrument supports early risk identification, targeted interventions, and integration into clinical workflows and electronic health records.