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  3. Reducing The Low-prevalence Effect With Probe Trials.
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  3. Reducing The Low-prevalence Effect With Probe Trials.

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Reducing the low-prevalence effect with probe trials.

Mark W Becker1, Andrew Rodriguez2, Derrek T Montalvo2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, Psychology Building, 31 Physics Dr., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA. Becker54@msu.edu.

Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications
|January 7, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Introducing probe trials in visual search tasks can reduce the low-prevalence effect (LPE). This method increases perceived target prevalence, improving search guidance for rare items.

Keywords:
Eye trackingLow-prevalence effectMisses in visual searchVisual search

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Perception
  • Human Factors

Background:

  • The low-prevalence effect (LPE) describes the increased likelihood of missing targets in visual search when they are rare.
  • Reducing the LPE is crucial for real-world applications but remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate methods for reducing the LPE in visual search tasks.
  • To determine the mechanisms by which probe trials influence search performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a T-among-Ls visual search task with varying target prevalence.
  • Incorporated "probe" trials with known targets and feedback.
  • Employed eye tracking to analyze search guidance and decision-making processes.
  • Manipulated probe trial frequency and feedback necessity.

Main Results:

  • Probe trials significantly reduced the LPE.
  • The benefit of probe trials scaled with the frequency of the probed target.
  • Probes altered top-down guidance towards probed target features without changing decision criteria or search scope.
  • The effect was attributed to altered perceived prevalence rather than feedback alone.

Conclusions:

  • Probe trials can effectively mitigate the low-prevalence effect in visual search.
  • The mechanism involves enhancing perceived target prevalence and guiding attention.
  • The benefits are specific to frequently probed targets, indicating limited generalizability.