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Related Concept Videos

Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods01:26

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to tailor drug therapy effectively. This monitoring is critical for managing drugs with narrow therapeutic indices like digoxin and phenytoin, ensuring they are both safe and effective. For instance, monitoring theophylline levels in asthma patients involves precision and sensitivity to adjust doses according to individual responses to therapy, ensuring efficacy and...
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
Toxicokinetics: Overview01:21

Toxicokinetics: Overview

Studies that assess how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) at toxic doses are termed toxicokinetics. Understanding toxicokinetics helps predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and manage toxicity in humans.Toxicokinetics differs from pharmacokinetics mainly in the dose levels studied, with toxicokinetics focusing on higher toxic doses. The kinetics at these levels can be non-linear due to altered physiological processes. Toxicodynamics examines the relationship...
Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...

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High Content Screening Analysis to Evaluate the Toxicological Effects of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents (HPHC)
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The Toxicology Investigators Consortium 2024 Annual Report.

Kim Aldy1,2, Shao Li1, Mari Costantini1

  • 1American College of Medical Toxicology, 10645 N Tatum Blvd., Suite 200-111, Phoenix, AZ, 85028, USA.

Journal of Medical Toxicology : Official Journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology
|January 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The Toxicology Investigators Consortium (ToxIC) Core Registry tracked 8,868 patients in 2024, with ethanol, opioids, and analgesics as top exposures. This medical toxicology database now holds over 111,000 cases.

Keywords:
EpidemiologyMedical toxicologyOverdosePoisoningSurveillance

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Toxicology
  • Clinical Research
  • Public Health Surveillance

Background:

  • The American College of Medical Toxicology (ACMT) established the Toxicology Investigators Consortium (ToxIC) Core Registry in 2010.
  • The registry systematically collects data on medical toxicology consultations.
  • This data aids in understanding exposure patterns and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the fifteenth annual report of the ToxIC Core Registry.
  • To summarize patient data, exposure agents, and outcomes from 2024.
  • To analyze trends in opioid and psychoactive exposures from 2010-2024.

Main Methods:

  • Data collection from in-hospital and clinic-based medical toxicology consultations.
  • Inclusion of deidentified patient demographics, exposure agents, clinical signs, symptoms, treatments, and mortality.
  • Analysis of 8,868 new cases from 2024 and cumulative data from 2010-2024.

Main Results:

  • The 2024 data included 8,868 patients from 41 sites across 23 US states and 3 international countries.
  • Ethanol (17.8%), opioids (15.8%), non-opioid analgesics (10.5%), and sympathomimetics (7.6%) were the most common exposure agents.
  • A total of 107 fatalities were reported, yielding a case fatality rate of 1.2%.

Conclusions:

  • The ToxIC Core Registry continues to be a valuable resource for medical toxicology data.
  • Ethanol and opioids remain significant public health concerns.
  • Longitudinal analysis reveals trends in substance exposures, informing public health strategies.