Neutrophil Plasticity and NETosis in Tumour Microenvironment: Tumour Evolution and Therapy Resistance

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Oncology
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are DNA-based structures released by neutrophils.
• NET formation is implicated in innate immunity and autoimmune diseases.
• Emerging evidence links NETosis to cancer progression and metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the role of NETosis in the tumor microenvironment (TME).
• To analyze the interplay between NETosis and TME components.
• To highlight implications for tumor progression, immune evasion, and therapy resistance.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on NETs, NETosis, and the TME.
• Analysis of the mechanisms by which NETs influence the TME.
• Synthesis of current understanding of NETosis in cancer.

Main Results:

• NETs are present in primary and metastatic tumors, associated with tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs).
• NETs modulate immune surveillance within the TME.
• NETosis contributes to tumor progression, immune evasion, and resistance to cancer therapies.

Conclusions:

• NETosis is a significant factor in the tumor microenvironment.
• Targeting NETosis may offer novel therapeutic strategies for cancer.
• Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex role of NETs in cancer.