A Flavonoid-Rich Extract of Scoparia dulcis L. Exhibits Antiviral Activity against Herpes Virus Type 1

This study investigated the phytochemical profile, cytotoxicity, and anti-herpetic activity of the hydroethanolic extract from Scoparia dulcis L. aerial parts. Mass spectrometry revealed the presence of 15 compounds. The extract showed low cytotoxicity in Vero cells, maintaining over 80% viability at concentrations up to 250 µg/mL. In vitro antiviral assays demonstrated that the extract significantly inhibited HSV-1 infectivity and increased cell protection at 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL. These results support the traditional medicinal use of S. dulcis and suggest its potential as a natural antiviral agent. The presence of multiple active compounds may contribute to its efficacy through synergistic effects. Overall, the findings encourage further investigation of S. dulcis as a source of bioactive molecules with potential for the development of alternative therapies against herpes simplex virus type 1.