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Genes for Vitamin B Synthesis and Their Distribution in Microbial Producers.

Yan Wang1,2, Yitian Yu2, Nuohan Xu1

  • 1Institute for Advanced Study, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, P. R. of China.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|January 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Microbes produce essential B vitamins (VBs) across diverse environments. This study maps VB producers, revealing soil and freshwater habitats are rich in VB synthesis, with implications for agriculture and biotechnology.

Keywords:
VB producerbeneficial bacteriahidden Markov modelspathogenic bacteriavitamin B-synthesizing genes

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Metagenomics
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • B vitamins (VBs) are essential micronutrients for life.
  • Microbial contributions to B vitamin production in natural environments are largely unknown.
  • Understanding VB synthesis is crucial for ecological and biotechnological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map the global distribution of B vitamin producers across various habitats.
  • To identify genes involved in B vitamin synthesis and their environmental drivers.
  • To create a comprehensive database of microbial VB synthesis pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 126,931 metagenome-assembled genomes.
  • Construction of a database cataloging 87 B vitamin synthesis genes.
  • Bioinformatic identification of VB producers and VB-independent organisms.
  • Correlation analysis between environmental factors and VB production potential.

Main Results:

  • Soil and freshwater habitats show the highest diversity of B vitamin producers (VB1, VB2, VB7, VB9, VB12).
  • Biosynthetic capacity for VB5 is rare, and limited for VB3 and VB6.
  • Gammaproteobacteria are key producers, capable of synthesizing up to eight VB types.
  • Soil sulfur content and conductivity positively correlate with VB production potential.
  • Experimental validation confirmed VB3 and VB7 synthesis in *Acinetobacter kookii*.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides a foundational gene database and predictive framework for microbial B vitamin production.
  • Identified VB producers span beneficial and pathogenic taxa, necessitating careful consideration.
  • Findings link microbial VB synthesis to soil health and offer potential for agricultural and biotechnological advancements.