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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Author Spotlight: High-Throughput Image-Based Quantification of Mitochondrial DNA Synthesis and Distribution

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Published on: May 5, 2023

Frequency-Selective Terahertz Irradiation Activates Mitochondrial Biogenesis.

Fengsu Wu^1,2,3, Zhiqiang Mu¹, Wenyu Peng¹

¹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.

|January 8, 2026

Summary

High-frequency terahertz (THz) irradiation at 34.5 THz noninvasively boosts mitochondrial biogenesis by enhancing calcium signaling. This frequency-specific effect offers a potential new therapy for mitochondrial dysfunction.

Keywords:

PGC-1α pathway calcium signaling frequency-selective modulation mitochondrial biogenesis terahertz irradiation

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Area of Science:

Mitochondrial biology
Biophysics
Cellular physiology

Background:

Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to neurodegenerative and age-related diseases.
Therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial function are highly sought after.
Terahertz (THz) irradiation is explored for its biological effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the frequency-specific effects of THz irradiation on mitochondrial biogenesis.
To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of THz-induced mitochondrial modulation.
To explore THz irradiation as a noninvasive therapeutic approach.

Main Methods:

MitoTimer and MitoTracker assays to assess mitochondrial biogenesis.
Electrophysiological and molecular analyses to study cellular pathways.
Computational modeling to understand THz-biological interaction mechanisms.

Main Results:

34.5 THz irradiation significantly enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, unlike 36.1 THz.
Elevated intracellular calcium flux and activation of the PGC-1α-NRF1/2-TFAM pathway were observed.
Increased cellular energy production and oxygen consumption were documented.

Conclusions:

THz irradiation exhibits frequency-specific modulation of mitochondrial biogenesis.
A resonant coupling mechanism involving glutamate bonds and calcium channels explains the effect.
Noninvasive THz irradiation presents a promising therapeutic avenue for mitochondrial dysfunction.