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Coffee-Ring-Engineered Interfacial Layer Enables Fluid-Locking for Scalable Perovskite Photovoltaics
Chenxiang Gong1,2, Cong Wang1, Baojin Fan3
1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Film Energy Chemistry for Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|January 8, 2026
Summary
Researchers developed a new method to prevent coffee-ring effects in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) during fabrication. This innovation improves crystallization and performance, enabling efficient large-area perovskite solar modules.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Renewable Energy
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) show high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and scalability.
- The coffee-ring effect during printed fabrication causes non-uniform particle deposition, hindering large-area PSC performance.
- Current methods struggle with universal fluidic control for uniform perovskite film crystallization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To address the coffee-ring effect in printed PSC fabrication.
- To develop a strategy for uniform crystallization in large-area perovskite films.
- To enhance the scalability and performance of perovskite solar modules.
Main Methods:
- Harnessed coffee-ring formation mechanisms and employed rapid drying with droplet fragmentation.
- Constructed a size-tunable flow-locking network at the buried interface.
- Confined perovskite colloidal particle migration during flowing and drying stages.
Main Results:
- Suppressed macroscopic coffee-ring formation and mitigated detrimental impacts on device crystallization.
- Optimized PSCs achieved a high PCE of 26.61%.
- A large-area module (100 cm²) maintained an impressive PCE of 21.39%, demonstrating scalability and uniformity.
Conclusions:
- The developed flow-locking network effectively controls perovskite colloidal particle deposition.
- This method significantly improves crystallization uniformity and device performance for large-area PSCs.
- The strategy shows excellent scalability and potential for commercial deployment of high-performance perovskite solar modules.
