Detection of intestinal parasites from feces of captive ophidians in Mexico

Ophidians host a wide range of pathogens, including many parasite species, some of which may be of public health concern because they can infect other animal species and humans. Herpetariums house snakes in captivity as part of ex-situ conservation initiatives aimed at preserving threatened species. However, stress, immunosuppression, and limited space increase the risk of parasitic infections, including zoonotic diseases. Here, we detect the presence of intestinal parasites in ophidian species housed under conditions of captivity. Twenty specimens representing sixteen species were examined using Teuscher's coproparasitological technique, which combines sedimentation and flotation for enhanced sensitivity. All snakes tested positive for at least one parasite species. Five taxa were identified: Oxyurid nematodes (Oxyurida) (50%), Isospora sp. (45%), Cryptosporidium sp. and Ophidascaris sp. (25% each), and Aspiculuris sp. (15%). Oxyurid sp. and Isospora sp. were the most prevalent parasite species, likely due to their direct life cycles. Although less frequent, Cryptosporidium sp. poses a significant health risk due to its potential morbidity in snakes. The presence of Aspiculuris, a parasite commonly found in rodents, suggests contamination from infected prey. These discoveries highlight the importance of implementing preventive veterinary care, routine parasitological monitoring, and improved biosecurity and feeding practices in captive snake populations. Finally, this study provides valuable data on parasite diversity in Mexican ophidians under human care.