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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

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Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
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Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

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Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
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Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

465
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Relationship Between Lipotoxicity and HFpEF
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Microvascular dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Ornela Velollari1,2, Antonio Biancofiore3, Maximilian Olschewski1,2

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

Clinical Research in Cardiology : Official Journal of the German Cardiac Society
|January 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) significantly impacts heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients, worsening both systolic and diastolic function. CMD is highly prevalent in HFpEF, indicating a critical link between these conditions.

Keywords:
Coronary microvascular dysfunctionDiastolic dysfunctionHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Heart Failure Research

Background:

  • Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) impact on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is not well understood.
  • The combined effects of CMD and HFpEF on cardiac function parameters remain unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between CMD and cardiac function in HFpEF patients.
  • To assess systolic and diastolic function parameters in the context of CMD and HFpEF.

Main Methods:

  • Invasive assessment of CMD in consecutive patients.
  • Evaluation of global longitudinal strain (GLS) for systolic function.
  • Assessment of E/E', left atrial reservoir strain (LARS), and LV stiffness constant (β) for diastolic function.

Main Results:

  • CMD was present in 49.7% of patients; HFpEF in 24%.
  • HFpEF prevalence was higher in CMD patients (32% vs. 16%).
  • CMD correlated with impaired systolic (GLS) and diastolic function (E/E', LARS, LV stiffness).

Conclusions:

  • HFpEF is common in CMD patients, with CMD linked to systolic and diastolic dysfunction.
  • CMD exacerbates diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF patients.
  • CMD significantly impacts cardiac mechanics in HFpEF.