Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

False Memories01:18

False Memories

389
False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information...
389
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

537
Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
537
Autobiographical Memory01:14

Autobiographical Memory

6.5K
Autobiographical memory is a unique type of episodic memory that involves recollecting personal life experiences. It allows individuals to remember significant events from their past, creating a narrative of their lives. One interesting phenomenon related to autobiographical memory is the reminiscence bump. This effect refers to the tendency of adults to recall more events from their second and third decades of life — typically between ages 10 to 30 — than from other periods. This...
6.5K
Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

425
Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
425
Repressed Memory01:16

Repressed Memory

474
Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
474
Beck's Cognitive Therapy01:25

Beck's Cognitive Therapy

342
Cognitive therapy is a psychological approach designed to address distortions in thinking, which can lead to negative emotions and unrealistic beliefs. These cognitive distortions often influence how individuals interpret and respond to situations, exacerbating emotional distress. Below are some prevalent cognitive distortions, their characteristics, and examples of how they manifest in thought processes.
Arbitrary Inference
Arbitrary inference involves making conclusions without sufficient...
342

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Memory in the Palm of Your Hand: Smartphone-based Methods for Measuring Memory in the Wild.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2026
Same author

Hybrid constitutive law with machine learning for sintering of advanced ceramics.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Examining the link between social emotion regulation and relationship satisfaction at dyad and individual levels of analysis.

Research square·2026
Same author

Item recognition is associated with gut microbiota composition in healthy humans.

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Impaired Hippocampal Circuitry and Memory Dysfunction in Schizophrenia.

Nature. Mental health·2026
Same author

Neural representations of popularity and leadership status relate to conformity in daily life.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

10.3K

Forgiveness updates interpersonal memories to be less negative.

Songzhi Wu1, Timothy W Broom2, Sasha Brietzke2

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College.

Emotion (Washington, D.C.)
|January 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Forgiveness updates negative memories by incorporating new information, reducing perceived negativity. This "forgive and update" process involves understanding the transgressor and revising memories to aid social bonding.

More Related Videos

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

10.1K
Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
08:53

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

10.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

10.3K
A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

10.1K
Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
08:53

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

10.2K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Social Psychology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Forgiveness is vital for social relationships, but its impact on memory is not fully understood.
  • Existing research suggests memory updating mechanisms may be involved in forgiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how forgiveness influences the memory of negative experiences.
  • To identify the neural correlates of memory updating during the forgiveness process.

Main Methods:

  • Participants underwent neuroimaging (fMRI) while encoding negative stimuli and later re-rating them after receiving either apologetic or nonchalant explanations from the "targets".
  • An experimental manipulation involved instructing participants to either "forgive" or "re-view" the stimuli.
  • Memory re-ratings were conducted on a second day to assess persistence of effects.

Main Results:

  • Forgiveness led to reduced negativity ratings of previously negative stimuli, an effect sustained over 24 hours.
  • The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (mentalizing) and posterior hippocampus (episodic memory) showed increased activity, indicating integration of forgiveness-related information into memory.

Conclusions:

  • Forgiveness actively revises memories of negative events by incorporating information about the transgressor's perspective.
  • This
  • forgive and update
  • process, supported by neural mechanisms of mentalizing and memory consolidation, facilitates social reconciliation.