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Chinese Immune Multi-Omics Atlas.

Jianhua Yin1,2,3, Yuhui Zheng4,5, Zhuoli Huang4,5

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Genome and Multi-omics Technologies, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 8, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Chinese Immune Multi-Omics Atlas (CIMA) reveals molecular variations in human immune cells linked to sex, age, and genetics. This comprehensive atlas provides a valuable reference for understanding immune-related diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genomics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Human peripheral blood shows significant molecular and cellular heterogeneity.
  • The mechanisms driving this immune cell diversity are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a comprehensive multi-omics atlas of Chinese adult peripheral blood immune cells.
  • To characterize molecular variations associated with sex, age, and genetic factors.
  • To build a reference for immune-related disease research.

Main Methods:

  • Multi-omics analysis of over 10 million circulating immune cells from 428 Chinese adults.
  • Construction of an enhancer-driven gene regulatory network.
  • Identification of enhancer genes (eGenes) and chromatin accessibility peaks (caPeaks) at single-cell resolution.
  • Application of a cell language model (CIMA-CLM) for predicting chromatin accessibility and variant effects.

Main Results:

  • Established a robust gene regulatory network with 237 regulons.
  • Identified 9600 eGenes and 52,361 caPeaks across different immune cell types.
  • Revealed pleiotropic associations between immune disease risk loci, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), and chromatin accessibility QTLs (caQTLs).
  • Demonstrated CIMA-CLM's capability in predicting chromatin accessibility and evaluating noncoding variant impacts.

Conclusions:

  • The Chinese Immune Multi-Omics Atlas (CIMA) provides unprecedented cell-type-resolved molecular characterization of human immune cells.
  • CIMA offers a valuable resource for dissecting the genetic and regulatory underpinnings of immune variation and disease.
  • The findings highlight the interplay between genetic variants, chromatin accessibility, and gene expression in shaping immune cell phenotypes.