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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Author Spotlight: Optimizing Scorpion Venom Extraction for Antivenom Production

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Published on: October 6, 2023

Associations Between Snakebite Severity Scores and Antivenin Administration.

Jack H Bowdle¹, Justin Pritchett¹, Andrew Hungerford¹

¹University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN.

The Journal of Surgical Research

|January 8, 2026

Summary

Snakebite Severity Scores (SSSs) are inconsistently applied in crotalid envenomations, potentially delaying treatment. Standardized protocols and electronic medical record checklists could improve care for venomous snakebites.

Keywords:

Antivenin Clinical compliance Envenomation Outcomes Snakebite Severity Score Trauma

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Area of Science:

Toxicology
Emergency Medicine
Clinical Research

Background:

Crotalid envenomations are common in the US, but lack standardized treatment protocols.
Regional variations in incidence necessitate consistent management strategies.
Snakebite Severity Scores (SSSs) are used to guide treatment decisions.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the accuracy of clinician-documented SSSs (CSSS) and retrospectively calculated SSSs (RSSS).
To assess the association between SSSs and patient care aspects, including antivenin administration.
To identify discrepancies in SSS calculations and their impact on treatment.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 134 venomous snakebite cases at a level I trauma center (March 2017-September 2023).
Comparison of CSSS with RSSS derived from clinical documentation.
Analysis of discrepancies and their correlation with patient outcomes and treatment.

Main Results:

A strong correlation was found between CSSS and RSSS (r = 0.889, P < 0.001), but discrepancies occurred in 40.5% of cases, with RSSS often higher.
Significant variations in SSS classification and antivenin administration were noted.
Discrepancies in SSS potentially influenced treatment decisions, including antivenin necessity and timing of care.

Conclusions:

Inconsistent application of institutional protocols for venomous snakebites indicates a need for improved education.
Miscalculated SSSs are linked to potential treatment delays and variability in care.
Electronic medical record checklists may enhance SSS calculation accuracy and protocol adherence.