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Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

Published on: August 16, 2018

Crystallographic microstructure engineering for artificial solid electrolyte interphases toward stable zinc

Hongyu Cao¹, Fengnian Zhuang¹, Yanfei Wang²

¹State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China.

Nature Communications

|January 8, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Optimizing the crystallographic microstructure of artificial solid electrolyte interphases (ASEIs) significantly extends metal battery lifespan. Engineering ASEI grain orientation and density enhances Zn battery performance beyond chemical modifications.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Battery Technology

Background:

Dendrite growth in metal batteries limits lifespan, even with optimized artificial solid electrolyte interphases (ASEIs).
Current research focuses on chemical composition, overlooking the impact of ASEI crystallographic microstructure.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of crystallographic microstructure, specifically grain orientation and grain boundary density, on the performance of ZnS ASEI in aqueous Zn batteries.
To identify the optimal microstructure for enhanced battery lifespan and stability.

Main Methods:

Case study using ZnS ASEI in aqueous Zn batteries.
Analysis of grain orientation and grain boundary density effects on Zn negative electrode performance.
Electrochemical testing to evaluate cycling stability and Coulombic efficiency.

Main Results:

An optimal microstructure featuring predominant in-plane (111) orientation and a grain boundary density of ~55 μm/μm² was identified.
This optimal microstructure led to an 18-fold lifespan extension and over 3400 cycles with 99.92% Coulombic efficiency at 5 mA cm⁻².
(111) orientation enhanced electrochemical kinetics and mechanical strength, while grain boundary density presented a trade-off between kinetics and mechanical stability.

Conclusions:

Crystallographic microstructure engineering is an effective strategy for designing artificial solid electrolyte interphases (ASEIs).
Optimizing ASEI microstructure offers a promising route to overcome dendrite growth limitations and extend metal battery lifespan.
The findings demonstrate the critical role of microstructure in achieving high-performance and long-lasting batteries.