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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure
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Bulk-cusp microstructure for controllable multi-directional liquid spreading.

Songjie Dai1, Hui Zhang2, Yang Liu1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design & Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.

Nature Communications
|January 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Researchers developed novel microstructures for multi-directional liquid spreading without external energy. This breakthrough in controllable wetting opens new possibilities for advanced surface science and engineering applications.

Area of Science:

  • Surface Science
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Engineering

Background:

  • Controllable liquid wetting on solid surfaces is crucial for advanced applications.
  • Existing methods for liquid spreading are typically limited to unidirectional control.
  • Achieving multi-directional liquid spreading on microstructured surfaces presents a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel bulk-cusp microstructure for multi-directional liquid spreading.
  • To demonstrate controllable 0 to 4-directional droplet spreading without external energy input.
  • To explore the influence of microstructure geometry on liquid spreading dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of bulk-cusp microstructures with varying bulk shapes (cross and square).

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  • Experimental investigation of single-drop deposition and continuous liquid injection.
  • Mechanism analysis focusing on capillary forces and precursor film dynamics.

    • Main Results:

    • The novel microstructure enables 0 to 4-directional liquid spreading without external energy.
    • Cross-shaped bulk structures facilitate controllable spreading via precursor film drag.
    • Square-shaped bulk structures offer guidance for the precursor film due to lower coverage.
    • Capillary forces in cusp gaps effectively separate the precursor film.

    Conclusions:

    • The shape of the bulk structure dictates precursor film coverage, influencing droplet body coupling.
    • Controllable multi-directional liquid spreading is achieved through tailored microstructure design.
    • Potential applications include enhanced lubrication and smart evaporation cooling systems.