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Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
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Dynamic energy-based multilayer routing framework for scalable and reliable IoT networks.

Mehdi Hosseinzadeh1,2, Amir Haider3, Saqib Ali4

  • 1School of Engineering and Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam. mehdihosseinzadeh@duytan.edu.vn.

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|January 8, 2026
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Summary

This study introduces Dynamic Energy-Based Multilayer Routing (DEBML), a novel framework for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). DEBML enhances data routing efficiency and network lifetime by dynamically layering nodes based on energy levels.

Keywords:
Dynamic re-layeringEnergy-aware routingInternet of thingsMultilayer architectureNetwork lifetimeWireless sensor networks

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Network Engineering
  • Wireless Communication

Background:

  • The Internet of Things (IoT) expansion necessitates efficient routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs).
  • Resource-constrained WSNs face challenges in scalability, energy efficiency, and reliability.
  • Existing routing protocols often struggle to balance performance and energy conservation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel distributed routing framework, Dynamic Energy-Based Multilayer Routing (DEBML), for IoT-enabled WSNs.
  • To enhance data routing strategies by dynamically organizing nodes into energy-based layers.
  • To improve network lifetime, energy efficiency, and data delivery performance.

Main Methods:

  • Nodes are dynamically grouped into layers based on residual energy levels.
  • Layer-specific routing protocols are applied to optimize energy usage and data transmission.
  • A dynamic re-layering mechanism continuously adapts to network conditions and maintains load balance.

Main Results:

  • DEBML significantly improves packet delivery ratio compared to existing methods.
  • The framework reduces end-to-end delay for critical data transmissions.
  • Simulations show enhanced network lifetime and superior overall energy efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • DEBML provides a scalable, adaptive, and energy-aware routing solution for WSNs.
  • The dynamic layering approach effectively balances energy consumption and performance.
  • DEBML is suitable for next-generation IoT applications like smart healthcare and environmental sensing.