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CDK10 suppresses nucleic acid sensors-mediated antitumor immunity

Gaoshan Xu1,2, Fusheng Guo3,4, Chuan He1,2

  • 1Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation in Complex Organisms, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

Nature Cancer
|January 8, 2026
PubMed

Insights

CDK10 suppresses tumor immune surveillance by inhibiting innate immunity pathways. Inhibiting CDK10 activates these pathways, enhancing cancer immunotherapy and improving patient responses.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cancer immunotherapies show promise but have limited efficacy in many patients.
  • Activating innate immunity is a strategy to improve cancer treatment outcomes.
  • Signaling kinases controlling innate immunity for antitumor responses are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify novel kinases regulating tumor immune surveillance.
  • Investigate the role of CDK10 in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment.
  • Evaluate CDK10 inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted an in vivo kinome CRISPR screen to identify key kinases.
  • Utilized genetic and pharmacological inhibition of CDK10.
  • Assessed the activation of innate immune pathways (MDA5, cGAS) and tumor microenvironment changes.
  • Tested efficacy in multiple mouse tumor models and analyzed clinical data.

Main Results:

  • Identified CDK10 as a critical suppressor of tumor immune surveillance.
  • Demonstrated that CDK10 phosphorylates DNMT1 and RAP80, reducing dsRNA and R-loop accumulation.
  • Showed that CDK10 inhibition activates MDA5 and cGAS pathways, enhancing anti-tumor immunity.
  • Found that low CDK10 expression in tumors correlates with improved immunotherapy response.

Conclusions:

  • CDK10 is a key regulator of tumor immunity and innate immune sensing.
  • Targeting CDK10 can create an immunoactive tumor microenvironment, boosting immunotherapy efficacy.
  • CDK10 represents a promising therapeutic target for enhancing cancer treatment.

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