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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid
Published on: September 20, 2017
[Solubilization and permeation enhancement of icariin by Epimedium polysaccharide-mediated self-assembled
Bin Huang1, Yan-Jun Yang1, Bing Yang1
1School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198, China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Traditional Chinese Medicine and Specialized Formulations, Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Taixing 225400, China.
Abstract:
In recent years, self-assembled nanostructures of TCM polysaccharides have attracted widespread attention in drug delivery systems. This study investigated the effects of two Epimedium polysaccharides, a neutral polysaccharide(EPSN) and an acidic polysaccharide(EPSA), on the loading of the active component icariin(ICA) and their influence on biopharmaceutical properties. Structural characterization revealed EPSN as a glucan and EPSA as an acidic heteropolysaccharide, both exhibiting triple-helix conformations. Dynamic light scattering(DLS), critical aggregation concentration(CAC), and electron microscopy demonstrated that the polysaccharides self-assembled into nanoparticles in aqueous solutions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) revealed that hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions occurred between the polysaccharides and ICA. Solubility testing using the saturation shake-flask method, gastrointestinal stability assays, parallel artificial membrane permeability assay(PAMPA), and single-pass intestinal perfusion(SPIP) in rats were used to evaluate and compare the effects of the two polysaccharides on ICA solubility, stability, and permeability. The results showed that both polysaccharides enhanced ICA solubility, stability, and permeability, with EPSA showing superior solubility and stability enhancement, while EPSN exhibited better permeability-promoting effects.
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